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Acute
Renal Failure can be categorised into three classifications:
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 |
pre-renal failure; |
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| Causes |
hypoperfusion of the kidneys which reduces the glomerular
filtration rate e.g. in hypovolaemia, septic or cardiogenic
shock |
| Presentation |
oliguria
or anuria, hypotension, tachycardia, low central venous
pressure |
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intra-renal
failure (or intrinsic) |
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| |
| Causes |
damage to renal parenchyma :-
Vascular e.g. malignant hypertension
Ischaemic e.g. rhabdomylosis
Nephrotoxic e.g. Drug therapies, chemicals |
| Presentation |
Acute
tubular necrosis often presents similar to pre renal failure
and then specific symptoms related to the cause |
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post-renal
failure. |
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| |
| Causes |
disorders of the urinary system which obstruct the flow
of urine, generally bilateral |
| Presentation |
difficulties
with micturition possibly oliguria or annuria, loin pain,
sometimes bladder distension. |
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(previous)
